Insulin resistance, β-cell function, and glucose tolerance in Brazilian adolescents with obesity or risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Objective To evaluate insulin resistance (IR), β-cell function, and glucose tolerance in 119 Brazilian adolescents with obesity or risk factors (RF) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Study Design We analyzed weight (kg), height (m), body mass index (BMI; kg/m2 ), waist (W; cm), acanthosis nigricans (AN), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP; mm Hg), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.75 g of glucose/weight), lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), fractions, and triglycerides (TGs)], fasting insulin (FI) and 2-h insulin on OGTT (2hI-RIA), HOMA-B (%; β-cell function—HOMA program), HOMA-S (%; insulin sensitivity—HOMA program) and HOMA-IR [fasting plasma insulin (mU/ml)×fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)/22.5]. Division according to number of RF—family history of T2DM (FHT2DM), obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and AN. G1: subjects with no or one RF; G2: subjects with two or more RFs. Statistical data were nonparametrical. Results Fasting plasma glucose (G2: 81.6±10.2 vs. G1: 79.8±9.9 mg/dl) and 2hPG (88.1±18.0 vs. 87.0±19.9 mg/dl) were not different between G2 ( n =67) and G1 ( n =52), and all adolescents had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Fasting insulin (13.0±7.9 vs. 7.6±3.9 μIU/ml; P