Potent Antitubulin Tumor Cell Cytotoxins Based on 3-Aroyl Indazoles

A series of 3-aroyl indazoles was synthesized. Modification of the C-7 position resulted in a significant structure−activity relationship (SAR) with acetylene modifications conferring unusual potency in a tumor cell cytotoxicity assay. The most potent compounds exceeded the activity of combretastatin A4 (CA-4), showing single digit nM IC50 values against all cell lines tested including those with known efflux resistance pumps. The inhibition of in vitro tubulin polymerization was comparable to CA-4, consistent with tubulin being the target for these compounds. Competition binding experiments employing [3H]colchicine and purified tubulins demonstrated that the compound specifically binds to the colchicine site.