Macroscopic classification of superficial neoplastic lesions of the oral mucosa: A preliminary study

Abstract Background Careful endoscopic classification of macroscopic appearance of superficial neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract is essential in the early detection and appropriate treatment of cancer. It has contributed to introduce minimally invasive endoscopic surgery and has significantly improved survival of patients with colon and gastric cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity has been characterized, in past and present times, by poor prognosis and lack of progress in treatment outcome. Failure in diagnosing oral malignancy at an early stage is a major culprit, and the lack of a worldwide adopted classification of its macroscopic appearance, similar to that of gastrointestinal neoplasias, may have contributed to it. Aim To test the hypothesis that is possible to extend the diagnostic benefit of a classification based upon the macroscopic appearance of superficial tumours of the digestive tract to superficial carcinoma of the oral mucosa. Methods We retrospectively examined a group of patients who developed multiple intraepithelial and early invasive malignant oral neoplasias, applying a modified version of the Paris classification of superficial GI neoplastic lesions. Results One hundred and ten out of 116 (94.9%) of the study lesions had morphological features that accorded with the prepared classification. Conclusions These preliminary data suggest that most superficial early neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity can be easily detected using a well-defined classification system similar to that employed in the diagnosis of early gastrointestinal malignancy.