Lymphatic and/or blood vessel invasion in gastric cancer: relationship with clinicopathological parameters, biological factors and prognostic significance

Background Lymphatic and/or blood vessel tumoral invasion (LBVI) is a common histopathologic finding of gastric carcinomas, which could make it an additional cost efficient marker and help in the detection of patients at risk for recurrence. Materials and methods The subjects of this study were 144 patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma, who consecutively underwent surgery. LBVI was evaluated by H&E staining and complementary with immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD34. Intratumoral levels of EGFR were analyzed with a radioligand technique, whereas c-erbB-2 and tPA were determined by ELISA methods; pS2, cathepsin D and hyaluronic acid by immunoradiometric assays; and VEGFR-1 and −2 by immunohistochemical assays. The mean follow-up period for these patients was 33.1 months. Results LBVI was present in 46 patients (31.9%). The presence of LBVI correlated significantly with tumor stage, lymph node involvement, surgical resectability, histological type and histological grade, being present in a higher percentage among II–IV tumor stage ( P = 0.0001), poorly differentiated ( P = 0.01), diffuse type ( P = 0.009), R1–R2 ( P = 0.002) and lymph node-positive ( P = 0.005) tumors. In addition, statistical analysis demonstrated that LBVI was significantly associated with a poorer overall patients’ survival in the univariate analysis ( P = 0.0001) as well as in the multivariate analysis ( P = 0.009). However, our results failed to show any significant relationship between LBVI and any of the intratumoral biological parameters studied. Conclusion LBVI provides additional useful information that could be applied to identify gastric cancer patients at risk for recurrence, who might be candidates for further adjuvant therapies.