Tribulusamide A and B, new hepatoprotective lignanamides from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris: indications of cytoprotective activity in murine hepatocyte culture

Abstract Tribulusamides A (1) and B (2), new lignanamides embracing two cinnamic amide parts joined in a CIS configuration, were isolated from the fruits of TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS, together with four known compounds, N-TRANS-feruloyltyramine (3), terrestriamide (4), N-TRANS-coumaroyltyramine (5), and β-sitosterol. The structures were elucidated by 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Addition of compounds 1-5, especially 1 and 2, to primary cultured mouse hepatocytes significantly prevented cell death induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).