Neonatal hypocalcaemia associated with rotavirus diarrhoea

We observed an association between rotavirus diarrhoea and hypocalcaemia in several patients and therefore started a prospective evaluation with measurement of calcium levels in all patients with rotavirus infection during a period of 8 months. We report on 54 infants with rotavirus gastro-enteritis. Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, and total and ionized calcium were measured on admission. If hypocalcaemia was detected, total and ionized calcium were measured every day until recovery. Calcium was supplemented as calcium gluconate which was added to milk. Out of 54 newborns with rotavirus gastro-enteritis, 20 developed hypocalcaemia. All these newborns had severe diarrhoea. Seven infants were admitted because of convulsions, but EEG and ultrasonographic examination of the brain revealed no abnormalities. Once the infants' clinical condition and the consistency and frequency of the stool had improved, calcium concentrations increased and remained within the reference range without supplementation. Rotavirus gastro-enteritis seems to be a cause of neonatal hypocalcaemia.