Elevated urinary fibronectin levels after transurethral resection of bladder tumour: a possible role in patients failing therapy with bacillus Calmette–Guérin

Objective To investigate fibronectin levels in urine samples from patients with noninvasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder immediately and for 4 weeks after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), to determine whether soluble fibronectin within the bladder, which blocks the attachment of bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), might lower the efficacy of BCG therapy over this period. Patients and methods Urinary fibronectin was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 25 patients with superficial bladder TCC who underwent TURBT for complete resection. Eight samples were collected for each patient, one before and seven during the 4 weeks after TURBT. Results High levels of urinary fibronectin were detected in 18 patients (72%) after TURBT. In 16 patients the fibronectin level returned to normal within 2 weeks of surgery. The other two patients showed elevated levels of fibronectin for > 4 weeks. Conclusions These results show that urinary fibronectin concentration is significantly increased in most patients after TURBT and this should be considered in patients who receive BCG therapy. Treatment within the first 2 weeks after TURBT may be associated with a high failure rate, as urinary fibronectin levels were increased significantly in about three‐quarters of these patients during that period. Indeed, the persistent elevation of fibronectin, occurring in two of the present patients, may be responsible for some of the failures of BCG therapy when it is administered 2–5 weeks after surgery.