Chronic Morphine Reduces Pain-Related Disability in a Rodent Model of Chronic, Inflammatory Pain

Chronic pain is disabling, and the adverse effects of morphine are also disabling. The best way to assess the beneficial effects relative to the potential adverse effects of chronic morphine may be through the use of quantitative measures of functional disability in people and animals experiencing pain. If chronic morphine alleviates chronic pain and its beneficial analgesic effects outweigh whatever adverse effects it may produce, then it should reduce pain-related disability. Rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis were implanted with subcutaneous morphine pellets. Continuous morphine reduced pain-related disability in tasks motivated by food reward or shock avoidance throughout the 35 days of continuous administration-first, in tests that primarily assessed the function of the less severely affected forelimbs, and later, as the inflammation subsided, in tests more dependent on the function of the more severely affected hind limbs.