The mRNA for Protease Nexin-1 is Expressed in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and its Level is Affected by Androgen

Protease nexin-1, an inhibitor of serine proteases, plays important parts in the regulation of the growth, differentiation, and death of cells by modulating proteolytic activity. The mRNA for protease nexin-1 accumulates in rat dermal papilla cells in a hair cycle-dependent fashion and its levels are well correlated with the ability of dermal papilla cells to support hair growth. In an attempt to characterize the potential role of protease nexin-1 as a modulator of hair growth in humans, we investigated the steady-state level of protease nexin-1 mRNA in cultured human dermal papilla cells using a semiquantitative technique that involved reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, as well as the localization of this mRNA in vivo using dissected hair follicles. Protease nexin-1 mRNA was expressed in all dermal papilla cells examined, and it was also identified in the lower part of the connective tissue sheath. Moreover, we found that levels of protease nexin-1 mRNA were depressed by dihydrotestosterone, the most potent androgen, in cultured dermal papilla cells obtained from balding scalp. Our results suggest that protease nexin-1 might be a key molecule in the control of hair growth in humans and, moreover, that the androgen-mediated downregulation of the synthesis of protease nexin-1 might be associated with the progression of male-pattern baldness.