Long-Term Effects of HIV Counseling and Testing for Women: Behavioral and Psychological Consequences Are Limited at 18 Months Posttest

Behavioral and psychological consequences of HIV counseling and testing (HIV C & T) for women were examined in a longitudinal, prospective study. Women who received HIV C & T at community health clinics ( n = 106) and a comparison group of never-tested women ( n = 54) were interviewed five times over 18 months. There was no change in risk behaviors as a consequence of testing: tested and untested women engaged in high-risk sexual behavior at baseline and 18 months later. Tested women reported more anxiety, depression, and intrusive thoughts about AIDS than did untested women. Although tested women were more concerned about AIDS, their potential risk factors over the study period generally were equivalent to those for untested women. HIV counseling and testing should be considered one aspect of a broader program of HIV prevention. Identification of alternative interventions must be a public health priority.