A case control study and one year follow-up of registered epilepsy cases in a resettlement colony of North India, a developing tropical country

A population-based case control study and monthly follow-up of 121 registered epilepsy cases was conducted during 1995–1997 in a resettlement colony of Chandigarh, India. History of various tentative risk factors, e.g. trauma, febrile seizures, family history of seizures, alcohol intake and other possible causes was elicited. An age- and sex-matched control was selected from the neighbouring families for each case. A discordant pair analysis was done for matched case/controls. History of head injury, febrile seizures and developmental delay was observed exclusively in cases (none present in controls). Odds for epilepsy were higher among people who had positive family history (O.R.=2.1, X2=5.5, C.I.=1.1–4.3). All cases were followed up and interviewed for history of seizures and drug intake. Fourteen cases could not be followed up completely. Ninety-four (88%) of the remaining 107 cases did not have any seizures during the follow-up. Of them, 70 (75%) patients were not on medication, 13 patients were on phenytoin and 11 patients received phenobarbitone. Thirteen cases reported seizures during the follow-up. Four patients out of the latter had mental retardation and were not on medication. Cumulative incidence of epilepsy was estimated to be 0.6/1000 person-year exposure.