Serum vitamin C concentrations and diabetes: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

Previous studies suggested that diabetes mellitus may lower serum vitamin C concentrations, but most of these studies used clinic-based populations with established diabetes of varying duration and did not adjust for important covariates. Using a population-based sample and adjusting for important covariates, we asked whether serum vitamin C concentrations in persons with newly diagnosed diabetes differed from those in persons without diabetes. Data were obtained from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). Serum vitamin C was assayed by using reversed-phase HPLC with multiwavelength detection. Diabetes status (n = 237 persons with diabetes; n = 1803 persons without diabetes) was determined by oral-glucose-tolerance testing of the sample aged 40–74 y. After adjustment for age and sex, mean serum vitamin C concentrations were significantly lower in persons with newly diagnosed diabetes than in those without diabetes. After adjustment for dietary intake of vitamin C and other important covariates, however, mean concentrations did not differ according to diabetes status. When assessing serum vitamin C concentrations by diabetes status in the future, researchers should measure and account for all factors that influence serum vitamin C concentrations.