Prostatitis—the Japanese viewpoint

Japanese inclusion criteria in acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis are explained. Objective criteria of acute prostatitis are a bacterial count of 10 4 cfu/ml or more and 10 or more WBCs/hpf in VB1 or VB2. Criteria for chronic prostatitis are a bacterial count of 10 3 cfu/ml or more (if only Gram-positive cocci are isolated from EPS, a bacterial count of 10 4 cfu/ml or more is required). and 10 or more WBCs/hpf (including macrophages) in EPS or VB3. Secondly, we describe recent topics such as bacterial biofilm formation in prostatic tissues by electron microscopy in three out of 12 patients with intractable chronic prostatitis.