Epidemiology of maxillofacial traumatology in Tunis

The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma in Tunisia over a 10-year period. This retrospective study was carried out between 1995 and 2004 on patients admitted for maxillofacial trauma in the department of maxillofacial and plastic surgery of the Charles-Nicolle Hospital in Tunis. The selected relevant parameters were: age, gender, etiology, time of trauma, type of fracture and associated lesions. A total of 1100 patient files were analyzed. The average age was 29 years and the sex-ratio was 6:1 in favor of men. The most common etiologies were: car crashes (39%), fights (28%) and domestic trauma (19%), occurred in the evening, on weekends and in the summer. The frequency increased in the evening, on weekends and in the summer. Mandibular fractures (62%) and zygomatic fractures (32%) were the most common trauma. Polytrauma occurred in 18% of the patients and cranial trauma in 10% of the cases. Epidemiological investigations results vary according to demographic and cultural regional specificities. Long-term collection of epidemiological data in maxillofacial surgery is a major issue to plan educational campaigns and therapeutic strategies. In Tunisia, driver education and observance of traffic regulations should be improved.