Modulation of Osteoclast Differentiation and Function by the New Members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor and Ligand Families

I. Introduction II. Role of Osteoblasts/Stromal Cells in Osteoclast Differentiation and Function A. Origin of osteoclasts B. Stimulation of osteoclast differentiation by osteoblasts/stromal cells C. Stimulation of osteoclast function by osteoblasts/stromal cells III. New Members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor and Ligand Families A. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) B. Osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) and stromal osteoclast-forming activity (SOFA) IV. Regulatory Mechanism in Osteoclast Development and Function A. Regulatory mechanism of osteoclast differentiation by RANKL B. Regulatory mechanism of RANKL action on osteoclast function C. Signals induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and RANKL in osteoclasts V. Regulation of Human Osteoclast Development VI. Summary and Conclusion