Protective effects of vitamin E and curcumin on l-thyroxine-induced rat testicular oxidative stress

Present study examines effects of curcumin and vitamin E on oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant defence enzymes and oxidized (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in testis of l-thyroxine (T 4)-induced hyperthyroid rats. The oxidative stress in T 4-treated rat testis was evident from elevation in oxidative stress parameters such as lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl contents, decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. This is accompanied with decrease in number and mortality of epididymal sperms. When the T 4-treated rats were fed with vitamin E and/or curcumin, the lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl contents in crude homogenates of testes decreased to normal level. Treatment of curcumin and/or vitamin E to T 4-treated rats resulted in elevation of SOD level in postmitochondrial fraction (PMF) and mitochondrial fraction (MF) and CAT in PMF, with decreased GPx activity in MF. However, curcumin or vitamin E was unable to change GPx activity alone but in together they elevated the GPx in PMF of T 4-treated rat testis. Both the antioxidants are incapable of producing significant changes in GSH:GSSG ratio of PMF of T 4-treated rats. In MF, GSH:GSSG ratio elevated and decreased respectively by curcumin and vitamin E treatments to T 4-treated rats, however, in together these antioxidants caused an elevated GSH:GSSG ratio with a value less than when vitamin E given alone to T 4-treated rats. Vitamin E not the curcumin elevates total sperm count and percentage of live sperm impaired by hyperthyroid state. In summary, both vitamin E and curcumin are efficient in protecting testis from oxidative stress generated by T 4 mainly in restoring antioxidant enzymes to the level of euthyroid animals up to some extent but vitamin E is more efficient than curcumin.