Quantitative biofouling diagnosis in full scale nanofiltration and reverse osmosis installations

Biofilm accumulation in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane elements results in a relative increase of normalised pressure drop (ΔNPD). However, an increase in ΔNPD is not exclusively linked to biofouling. In order to quantify biofouling, the biomass parameters adenosine triphosphate (ATP),...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Water research (Oxford) 2008-12, Vol.42 (19), p.4856-4868
Hauptverfasser:	Vrouwenvelder, J.S., Manolarakis, S.A., van der Hoek, J.P., van Paassen, J.A.M., van der Meer, W.G.J., van Agtmaal, J.M.C., Prummel, H.D.M., Kruithof, J.C., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	adenosine triphosphate Applied sciences Biofilm Biofouling Biomass carbon Diagnosis Drinking water equipment performance Exact sciences and technology Feed channel pressure drop filtration Filtration - methods Membrane Nanofiltration nanotechnology Osmosis Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge Pollution pressure Reverse osmosis Scaling Wastes water quality Water treatment Water treatment and pollution
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