Ventricular-vascular stiffening in patients with repaired coarctation of aorta: integrated pathophysiology of hypertension

Despite successful repair, patients with coarctation of the aorta (COA) often show persistent hypertension at rest and/or during exercise. Previous studies indicated that the hypertension is mainly due to abnormalities in the arterial bed and its regulatory systems. We hypothesized that ventricular systolic stiffness also contributes to the hypertensive state in these patients in addition to increased vascular stiffness. The study involved 43 patients with successfully repaired COA and 45 age-matched control subjects. Ventricular systolic stiffness (end systolic elastance) and arterial stiffness (effective arterial elastance) were measured invasively by ventricular pressure-area relationship during varying preload before and after beta-adrenergic stimulation. The mean systolic blood pressure was significantly higher with concomitant increases in both end systolic elastance and effective arterial elastance in patients with COA compared with control subjects (113.2+/-16.8 versus 91.0+/-9.1 mm Hg, 44.5+/-17.0 versus 19.2+/-6.7 mm Hg/mL/m(2), and 27.8+/-11.4 versus 20.2+/-4.8 mm Hg/mL/m(2), respectively; P