Role of Calpains in Postmortem Proteolysis in Chicken Muscle

Tenderness is governed by postmortem biochemical processes, particularly proteolysis. In mammals, the calpain system is generally accepted as the main system involved in postmortem proteolysis. In poultry, the 2 calpains (μ and μ/m - a form only found in bird tissue) have greater calcium sensitivity. In this study, we quantified by zymography the changes in postmortem calpain system activity. The μ/m-calpain activity remained steady, whereas the μ-calpain activity had disappeared by 6 h after postmortem, showing an activation by calcium. Changes in the electrophoretic pattern of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins are observed in the first postmortem hours concomitantly to the decrease in μ-calpain activity. The 30-kDa protein, considered as a good marker of postmortem aging in cattle, appeared from 6 h and then steadily increased. In chicken muscle, the rapid maximum tenderness reached could be explained by a greater activation of the calpain system.