Rod derotation techniques for thoracolumbar spinal deformity

The operative correction of scoliosis requires multiple intraoperative techniques and tools to achieve an adequate result. Frequently, multiple methods are used to accomplish this, such as rod cantilever techniques, in situ bending, Smith-Petersen and pedicle subtraction osteotomies, closed reduction methods, and rod derotation techniques. Rod derotation techniques will be reviewed and discussed in this article. A review of the available literature on anterior and posterior rod derotation is performed with a case example of the authors' experience utilizing this technique. Rod derotation is one technique that can transform a pathological scoliotic curve to normal physiological kyphosis or lordosis by simply rotating a rod intraoperatively. In this article, the authors present rod derotation as a valuable technique in the surgical arsenal for the treatment of scoliosis, including a discussion of the technique and its limitations.