Determination of Amino Acids in Urine by Cyclodextrin-Modified Capillary Electrophoresis—Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with laser-induced fluorescence detection is applied to the determination of amino acids in urine samples. The urine samples are first ultrafiltered, to remove proteins and large peptides, and the filtrates are then directly labeled by reaction with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Cyclodextrin-modified CE using α-cyclodextrin is employed for the separation of the FITC-labeled amino acids. Seven amino acids are clearly separated from side reaction products produced during the labeling reaction, when an 80mM borate buffer containing 45mM α-cyclodextrin is used as the running buffer. For quantitative analysis, rhodamine B is added to the labeled urine samples as an internal standard. The calibration curves for phenylalanine, glutamine, proline, glycine, serine, alanine, and valine are linear in the range of 10µM to 100µM. The concentration limits of detection for all of the amino acids are estimated to be 160∼330nM. Conversely, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was ∼10µM and the limitations are due to the labeling efficiency rather than the sensitivity of the detector. Three amino acids in urine samples, glutamine, glycine, and alanine, are readily quantitated, while the concentrations of the others are below the LOQ. The present method would permit the determination of seven amino acids in urine successfully.