Lineage-Restricted Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Genes in Human Hematopoietic Cell Lines

To explore the possibility that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are autocrine/paracrine regulators of hematopoietic differentiation and function, we screened a panel of human cell lines encompassing the hematopoietic lineages for expression of members of this family of genes. Expression of BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-7, Growth and Differentiation Factor-1 (GDF-1), Placental Bone Morphogenetic Protein (PLAB), and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 (TGF-β3) was detected in one or more cell lines. BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-7, and TGF-β3 expression was also found in normal hematopoietic tissue. Expression of BMP-5 and BMP-8 was not seen. Lineage-restricted patterns of expression were found for BMP-4 (T-lymphoid), BMP-7 (lymphoid), PLAB (macrophage/monocyte), and GDF-1 (myeloid). Expression of BMP-2, GDF-1, and PLAB could be modulated by treatment with differentiating agents. Marked variations in the levels of BMP-4, BMP-7, and PLAB expression were encountered, indicating that disorders in BMP signaling pathways may play a role in the development of hematopoietic neoplasia.