Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia and renal involvement

Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia is recognized as a rare cause of infantile hypercalcemia. Its renal consequences include nephrocalcinosis with distal tubular dysfunction, nephrolithiasis, and finally renal failure. Herein we report the case of a two-month-old infant presenting with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia complicated with distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and nephrocalcinosis. Despite correction of acidosis and dehydration, the persistant hypercalcemia could only be ameliorated with calcitonin treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is life-saving in such cases.