Greater Appetite Control Associated with an Increased Frequency of Eating in Lean Males

Eight healthy males of age 22·9±4·2 years (mean±SD) and body weight 73·26±11·50 kg, with BMI of 23·11±2·84 kg/m2underwent two different eating meal frequency patterns on 2 separate days. On both days they were fed approximately 33·3% of their average daily energy requirements as a breakfast pre-load meal: served either as a single meal (SINGLE) or divided into five equal portions (served hourly) (MULTI). Five and a half hours after the initial meal, an ad libitum meal was served. Venous blood was tested to determine plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations every hour until the ad libitum lunch, and at 15-, 45- and 75-min after lunch. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were completed every hour until the ad libitum lunch, and at 15-, 45- and 75-min after lunch as a measure to determine hunger, appetite and satiety indices. Although both groups were fed isocaloric and identical macronutrient “breakfast pre-loads” (3450±466 kJ), the SINGLE group consumed 26·6% more (p