Respiratory Failure Associated with Human Metapneumovirus Infection in an Infant Posthepatic Transplant

This is the first reported case of respiratory failure associated with human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in a liver transplant recipient or in a pediatric solid transplant recipient. A 9‐month‐old female developed respiratory distress 8 days following a liver transplant. hMPV was detected and she required intubation followed by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 26 days. Immunosuppressive medications were stopped during the acute infection except for methylprednisolone as treatment for acute respiratory distress. Serial Doppler ultrasounds were used to monitor for hepatic vessel thromboses and serum liver function tests to assess for hepatic dysfunction and there was no evidence of allograft rejection. The patient recovered from the nosocomial hMPV infection with satisfactory pulmonary function and possible mild developmental delay. Respiratory failure followed detection of human metapneumovirus from a 9‐month‐old child 8 days post‐hepatic transplant.