Induction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Neuropeptide Y by Carbachol: Modulation With Age

With aging, circulating catecholamines are elevated in both humans and animals. This may be related to the increased basal levels of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA levels and TH enzyme activity in the adrenal medulla of senescent compared with younger animals. Cold exposure induces TH and DβH mRNA, and the cholinergic pathway is believed to be involved in the cold-stimulated increase in TH expression in the adrenal medulla. However, TH gene expression in the senescent rat is resistant to stimulation by cold exposure, suggesting that the cholinergic pathway may be impaired with age in the adrenal medulla. To investigate this possibility, we administered carbachol (0.5 mg/kg ip, every 12 hours for 3 consecutive days), a mixed nicotinic-muscarinic agonist, to young (4-month-old) and senescent (24-month-old) male F-344 rats. We examined the induction of TH mRNA, TH immunoreactivity, and TH enzyme activity in the adrenal medulla in young and old rats. In addition DβH and NPY mRNA levels were determined in the adrenal medulla with or without carbachol administration. Basal levels of TH mRNA, TH immunoreactivity, and TH activity as well as DβH and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA were 1.5- to 4-fold greater in the adrenal medullae of old rats compared with young rats. Carbachol administration increased TH mRNA, TH immunoreactivity, and TH activity as well as DβH and NPY mRNA to the same or a greater extent in the senescent compared with the young rats. The present study indicates that the cholinergic induction of TH or DβH are not impaired with age, and that senescent rats retain the capacity to respond to carbachol stimulation. The present findings cannot explain why the adrenal medullae from senescent rats are resistant to the cold-induced elevation of TH mRNA and TH activity observed in young rats.