Laboratory tests as predictors of the antihypertensive effects of amlodipine, bisoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide and losartan in men: results from the randomized, double-blind, crossover GENRES Study

OBJECTIVEIndividual blood pressure responses to antihypertensive therapy are difficult to predict. To improve optimization of antihypertensive therapy, we analyzed correlations of relevant laboratory tests with blood pressure responses to four antihypertensive monotherapies. METHODSIn the GENRES study, 208 Finnish men aged 35–60 years with moderate hypertension used amlodipine 5 mg, bisoprolol 5 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg and losartan 50 mg daily, each for 4 weeks as a monotherapy in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study; that is, each subject received each type of monotherapy in a random order. The treatment periods were preceded and separated by 4-week placebo periods. Ambulatory 24-h and office blood pressure measurements were carried out after all study periods. Data from several biochemical tests were correlated to antihypertensive drug responses. RESULTSSerum total calcium concentration was negatively correlated with blood pressure responses to amlodipine (P values 0.001–0.002). Plasma renin activity was positively correlated with blood pressure responses to losartan (P values 0.001–0.005) and bisoprolol (P values 0.03–0.17), and negatively with blood pressure responses to hydrochlorothiazide (P values 0.01–0.07). Daily urinary excretion of sodium was negatively correlated with ambulatory blood pressure responses to amlodipine (P values 0.001–0.01). CONCLUSIONSIn this carefully controlled study, marked individual variations in antihypertensive drug responsiveness were found to correlate to several baseline laboratory parameters. The negative correlation between serum calcium levels and amlodipine responses is intriguing and suggests an underlying mechanistic association. Collectively, our data imply that laboratory tests may have some value in prediction of the efficacy of various antihypertensive drug therapies, although great patient-to-patient variation remains an obstacle for exact predictive classification.