Estimating the Proportion of Unnecessary Cesarean Sections in Ohio Using Birth Certificate Data

The main objective of the study is to present a method that estimates the proportion of unnecessary Cesarean sections (C-sections) using birth certificate data. This population-based cross-sectional study uses two major databases—Ohio birth certificates and Medicaid eligibility files—and includes singleton infants born during the period July 1991 through June 1993 ( n = 262,013). A total of 57 variables indicative of adverse events, including maternal medical risk factors, complications of labor and delivery, and congenital anomalies that are available on the birth certificate, are examined to estimate the rate of unnecessary C-sections. The results obtained through this method indicate that nearly 40% of the repeat C-sections had no documented abnormalities on the birth certificate to justify a C-section. Because studies using medical records have yielded similar results, we believe that using birth certificate data may be a reliable method to measure and monitor the rate of unnecessary C-sections.