The ins and outs of syntenin, a multifunctional intracellular adaptor protein

One of the most challenging issues currently facing cell biologists is how signal specificity and compartmentalization is achieved, allowing extracellular stimulation to result in a unique and pre-defined intracellular outcome. For this to occur, intracellular components must be correctly positioned in both space and time. Adaptor molecules, which contain protein-interaction domains, are often involved in the assembly of multimeric complexes that organize intracellular signal-transduction pathways. One such protein is syntenin, a PDZ-domain-containing molecule that has a surprising variety and diversity of interaction partners. Here we assimilate and discuss current data that support a role for syntenin in regulating transmembrane-receptor trafficking, tumour-cell metastasis and neuronal-synapse function.