Analysis of Telomerase Expression and Proliferative Activity in the Different Layers of Cyclic Endometrium

To gain better insights into cell kinetics under physiological conditions, telomerase activity in the functional and basal layers of cyclic endometrium (n= 33) was compared with the immunostaining of glandular and stromal cells within these layers (n= 25). Two immunohistochemical proliferation markers were used to demarcate cells in the G1phase of the cell cycle. In contrast to previous expectations, telomerase activity and both glandular and stromal proliferative activities were all significantly higher in the functional than in the basal endometrium (P< 0.002). The course of telomerase activity in the endometrial layers during the ovarian cycle was significantly associated with the proliferative scores for the functional and basal endometrial glands and the functional stroma but not the stromal compartment of the basal layer. Our findings indicate that the telomerase activity in cyclic endometrium is associated with the total number of proliferating glandular and stromal cells in the functional layer. Proliferating daughter cells of telomerase-competent stem cells may account for the lower levels of telomerase detected in normal basal endometrium.