Intensity and Duration of Intensive Case Management Services

OBJECTIVE: Two policy issues related to intensive case management programs were examined: limiting caseload size to ensure that services are intensive and providing intensive services to the same clients in perpetuity. METHOD: The Denver Acuity Scale, which indicates need for services on a 5-point scale, was used for determining the service intensity needed by consumers and for increasing case managers' efficiency when caseload size varied. The acuity ratings of individuals in the Denver intensive case management program were examined to evaluate the effects of service duration on decompensation. Each consumer was rated at every service contact. The percentage of individuals readmitted to the program after they graduated was calculated, and the trajectories of 87 individuals who continued to be served by the program after they attained the highest rating of functioning were examined. RESULTS: Of the 112 individuals who graduated from the program in the 29-month study period, four (4 percent) were readmitted. More than half of the 87 consumers who achieved the highest functioning level did not deviate from that level for the remainder of the study period. Nearly a fifth showed some deterioration shortly after achieving that level but then improved. Slightly more than a fourth continued to deteriorate, but many never reached the lowest levels of functioning. CONCLUSIONS: To increase efficiency and ensure appropriate service levels, service intensity should be based on individual consumers' functioning levels. Most consumers are unlikely to need intensive case management in perpetuity. Providing more intensive services than needed or providing services longer than needed is inefficient and may even impede consumer recovery.