Colon lamina propria dendritic cells induce a proinflammatory cytokine response in lamina propria T cells in the SCID mouse model of colitis

Intestinal immune responses are normally regulated to maintain a state of immune balance. Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen‐presenting cells, which induce immune responses against microbes and other stimuli and are key players in the regulation of tolerance in the gut. These cells influence the differentiation of cytokine responses in T cells, and in the gut, in particular, such interactions may be critical to the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using the CD45RBhi CD4+ T cell‐reconstituted severe combined immunodeficient mouse model of colitis, we investigated the ability of isolated colon DC to stimulate immune responses in syngeneic and allogeneic spleen CD4+ T cells, as well as in colon T cells isolated from the same tissue as DC in IBD mice. We found that the frequency of DC in IBD mice colons and spleens was elevated in comparison with control mice, but colon and spleen DC exhibited different phenotypic and functional properties. Colon DC stimulated significantly higher levels of interferon‐γ and interleukin‐6 when cocultured with autologous colon T cells than in cocultures with syngeneic or allogeneic spleen T cells. These data suggest that in the IBD colon, DC‐T cell interactions may create conditions with an abundance of proinflammatory cytokines, which favor the inflammatory state.