A Simple Method To Predict Protein Flexibility Using Secondary Chemical Shifts

Protein motions play a critical role in many biological processes, such as enzyme catalysis, allosteric regulation, antigen−antibody interactions, and protein−DNA binding. NMR spectroscopy occupies a unique place among methods for investigating protein dynamics due to its ability to provide site-specific information about protein motions over a large range of time scales. However, most NMR methods require a detailed knowledge of the 3D structure and/or the collection of additional experimental data (NOEs, T1, T2, etc.) to accurately measure protein dynamics. Here we present a simple method based on chemical shift data that allows accurate, quantitative, site-specific mapping of protein backbone mobility without the need of a three-dimensional structure or the collection and analysis of NMR relaxation data. Further, we show that this chemical shift method is able to quantitatively predict per-residue RMSD values (from both MD simulations and NMR structural ensembles) as well as model-free backbone order parameters.