Theory of director precession and nonlinear waves in nematic liquid crystals under elliptical shear

We study theoretically the slow director precession and nonlinear waves observed in homeotropically oriented nematic liquid crystals subjected to circular or elliptical Couette and Poiseuille flow and an electric field. From a linear analysis of the nematodynamic equations it is found that in the presence of the flow the electric bend Fréedericksz transition is transformed into a Hopf-type bifurcation. In the framework of an approximate weakly nonlinear analysis we have calculated the coefficients of the modified complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, which slightly above onset describes nonlinear waves with strong nonlinear dispersion. We also derive the equation describing the precession and waves well above the Fréedericksz transition and for small flow amplitudes. Then the nonlinear waves are of diffusive nature. The results are compared with full numerical simulations and with experimental data.