Rheological properties of aqueous Pluronic–alginate systems containing liposomes

Rheological and erosion studies regarding a liposome-containing polymeric blend that is propaedeutic to its use in paving techniques in tubular organs, such as blood vessels, are reported. Attention is focused on an aqueous polymeric blend composed of Pluronic (PF127) and alginate (Protanal LF 10/60) because both polymers, when dissolved in water at a sufficiently high concentration, are subjected to different structural mechanisms, which are driven by temperature increase and addition of bivalent cations, respectively, and both result in marked viscoelastic and plastic properties. After proving the compatibility between PF127 and alginate, we show that the structural transition temperature of the blend, T ST , can be properly modulated. In particular, we found that T ST for an aqueous solution of pure Pluronic 20% w/w is about 21 °C and that even slight reductions in polymer concentration result in considerable T ST decrease. The addition of salts or alginate (provided as Na-alginate) provokes a substantial decrease of T ST and thus the alginate concentration in the blend should not exceed 1% w/w. In addition, liposomes slow down the structural transition but do not substantially affect the rheological properties of the system in the final state at higher temperatures, thus showing that they can be added to the polymeric blend without significant effects. Finally, erosion tests show that after contact with a source of bivalent cations, the polymeric blend containing PF127 and alginate shows an erosion resistance neatly improved with respect to the simple structured Pluronic system having the same polymer concentration. As a whole, all these results constitute the basis for future potential applications of the considered polymeric blend in tubular organs such as blood vessels. The addition of salts or Na-alginate to Pluronic F127 aqueous solution provokes a decrease of the structural transition temperature T ST and, thus, alginate concentration in the blend should not exceed 1% w/w.