Potentiometric Carbon Paste Sensors for Lead(II) Based on Dithiodibenzoic and Mercaptobenzoic Acids

Dithiodibenzoic (DTB) acid and mercaptobenzoic (MB) acid were studied to characterize their abilities as modifier agents for lead(II) sensors. For both sensors, the best results were obtained with modified carbon paste electrodes with 24.1% of ligand. The pH influence on the potentiometric response was studied. The selectivity coefficients for both modified electrodes were tabulated. A potentiometric sensor based on DTB acid exhibited a more sensitive and selective response to lead ions than an MB electrode. The limits of detection for the DTB and MB electrodes were very similar, 5.01 × 10-8 M and 3.98 × 10-8 M, respectively, for lead(II) activity. The DTB sensor was applied to lead(II) ion determination in real samples and as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titrations. Natural and commercial humic acids were titrated using the DTB electrode to estimate the stability constant between these organic compounds and the lead(II) ions with successful results.