Acylated cyanidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucosides in three garden plants of the Cruciferae

Seven acylated cyanidin 3-sambubioside 5-glucoside were isolated from flowers of three garden plants in the cruciferae. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. Seven acylated cyanidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucosides were isolated from the flowers of three garden plants in the Cruciferae. Specifically, four pigments were isolated from Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv., together with a known pigment, as well as, three pigments from Lunaria annua L., and two known pigments from Cheiranthus cheiri L. These pigments were determined to be cyanidin 3- O-[2- O-((acyl-II)-(β- d-xylopyranosyl))-6- O-(acyl-I)-β- d-glucopyranoside]-5- O-[6- O-(acyl-III)-β- d-glucopyranoside], in which the acyl-I group is represented by glucosyl- p-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid, acyl-II by caffeic acid and ferulic acid, and acyl-III by malonic acid, respectively. The distribution and biosynthesis of acylated cyanidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucosides are discussed according to the variations of acylation and glucosylation at their 3-sambubiose residues.