Purinergic receptor modulation of BV-2 microglial cell activity: Potential involvement of p38 MAP kinase and CREB

ATP is abundant in the extracellular fluid following brain injury, and it exerts potent modulatory effects on microglia, whose hyperactivation is thought to exacerbate neuronal damage. We show here that ATP decreases LPS-stimulated iNOS and COX-2 expression and reduces NO release in BV-2 microglia by a mechanism involving p38 MAP kinase. Further, we demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of ATP on NO production occur within 30 min of exposure and correlate with activation of the transcription factor CREB. Together, these data suggest that ATP may exert neuroprotective effects in the brain via a mechanism involving augmented activation of the p38/CREB pathway.