Bone formation after sinus augmentation with engineered bone

Objectives: The aim of the following investigation was to quantify the resorption rate of tissue‐engineered bone grafts in the maxillary sinus using volume measurements. Material and methods: Sinus floor augmentation using autologous bone grafts from the iliac crest (n=17, group 1) was compared with commercially produced transplants of human cells seeded on polyglycolid–polylactid (PLGA) scaffolds (Oral Bone®) (n=14, group 2). Results: The total resorption rate for autologous transplants 3 months post operation was 29%, while the tissue‐engineered bone showed a resorption rate of 90%. The autologous bone had a bone density of up to 266–551 Hounsfield units (HU), while sufficient mineralization of tissue‐engineered bone was found in only one case (152 HU). Conclusion: In this clinical study, the use of autologous cancellous bone grafts in sinus augmentation was more reliable than scaffolds containing cultured osteoblasts. Further tissue‐engineered bone transplants should be examined to draw general conclusions about the use of tissue‐engineered grafts compared with autologous bone grafts for maxillary sinus augmentation.