Microbial contamination of BM products before and after processing: a report of incidence and immediate adverse events in 257 grafts

Background The incidence and potential clinical consequences of bacterial contamination of autologous and allogeneic BM products remains open to question. We report our experience of bacterial contamination of BM grafts and adverse events that occurred after transplantation. Methods From January 2003 to February 2006, 257 BM harvests were processed and infused at our institution. Analysis of microbial contamination incidence before and after processing, sensitivity spectra of isolated bacteria and adverse events after graft infusion were analyzed. Results Nineteen of 257 BM (7.4%) were contaminated. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus ( n = 9) and Propionibacterium acnes ( n = 6) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. Two of nine coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be resistant to erythromycin and two of six P. acnes to fosfomycin and gentamycin. The frequency and severity of immediate adverse events reported in patients receiving a contaminated graft were similar to those observed in patients receiving a non-contaminated product. No major adverse sequelae occurred after infusion of contaminated grafts. Finally, none of the patients transplanted with a contaminated graft developed bacteriemia that could have been related to the isolated microorganism. Discussion Microbial contamination of BM progenitor cell grafts does not induce severe clinical complications or infectious diseases after infusion. The vast majority of isolated pathogens were skin contaminants.