Genetic risk assessment and BRCA mutation testing for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility

* A. Intensive surveillance of women with BRCA mutations using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, and mammography reduces morbidity rates from breast and ovarian cancers. The correct answer is C. There is fair evidence that prophylactic surgery for women with BRCA mutations significantly decreases the incidence of breast and ovarian cancers. Prophylactic tamoxifen use may decrease the incidence of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, but it also is associated with several adverse effects such as pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and endometrial cancer.