Osteosclerotic bone dysplasia (melorheostosis) of the mandible

Melorheostosis is a linear bone dysplasia of unknown origin that may be associated with soft-tissue alterations. Although any part of the skeleton can be affected, this condition is rarely observed in the craniofacial region. Only seven cases of melorheostosis with craniofacial involvement have been reported and cranial manifestation only is even rarer. To the authors’ knowledge, manifestation in the mandible only has not yet been documented. A patient with isolated melorheostosis of the mandible with characteristic symptomatic bone pain is presented. The clinical, radiological and histological findings are described and possible therapeutic options are discussed.