A Prospective Analysis of Low-Grade Gastric MALT Lymphoma after Helicobacter pylori Eradication

Background: Primary gastric low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is known to be successfully treated with anti‐Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) therapy alone. However, there are few reports on long‐term results after eradication therapy. The aims of this study were to analyze the rate and the interval to reach complete remission (CR), and to assess the rate and the factors affecting recurrence of MALT lymphoma. Materials and Methods: Between 1996 and 2003, a total of 90 H. pylori‐infected patients with low‐grade MALT lymphoma were included in this study. For initial staging, endoscopic ultrasonography, chest–abdomen–pelvis CT scans, and bone marrow examination were taken. All patients were made to take anti‐H. pylori therapy for 14 days. Tumoral response was assessed by endoscopy every 3 months till CR and every 6 months after achieving CR. Results: Among 90 treated patients, 85 (94.4%) reached CR. The median interval to CR was 3 months (range, 1–24). Seventy‐nine (92.9%) patients were in CR at 12 months. Median follow‐up period after CR was 45 months (range 15–109). Among 77 patients who were followed‐up after CR, 8 (10.4%) patients were proved with recurrence of MALT lymphoma. Cumulative recurrence rate was 2.7, 11.5, and 12.2% at 1, 2, and 3 years. The presence of H. pylori was only a significant risk factor affecting recurrence. Conclusions: The status of H. pylori is the most important risk factor affecting recurrence. Therefore, adequate eradication regimen and accurate regular evaluation for H. pylori status are needed during follow up of primary gastric low‐grade B‐cell MALT lymphoma.