Effect of calcination cycles on the preparation of tin oxide based traditional drug: Studies on its formation and characterization

The preparation method of metal based Indian traditional drugs involves conversion of a pure metal into its oxide by repeated high temperature calcination cycles. In this work, the effect of number of calcination cycles followed in the preparation of tin oxide based Ayurvedic drug, ‘vanga bhasma’ was studied by a systematic characterization of the drug samples after various calcination stages. It was found that tin was in the form of Sn 4+ state and that the formation of SnO 2 proceeded step-wise through Sn(OH) 4.