Per-follicle measurements indicate that anti-müllerian hormone secretion is modulated by the extent of follicular development and luteinization and may reflect qualitatively the ovarian follicular status

To investigate the possible influence of follicular maturation and luteinization on anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) secretion and the relationship between per-follicle AMH levels, ovarian follicular status, and responsiveness to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Prospective study. University hospital in France. Thirty seven in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer candidates undergoing COH. On the day of oocyte retrieval, serum samples and follicular fluids from two small (8–12 mm in diameter) and two large (16–20 mm in diameter) follicles were collected for AMH, E 2, and progesterone (P 4) measurements. Per-follicle AMH levels. Small follicles secreted AMH levels that were approximately three times as high as large follicles. Follicular fluid AMH and P 4 levels were negatively correlated to each other both in small and large follicles. Per-follicle AMH levels in both follicular classes were positively correlated with antral follicle count on cycle day 3 before COH and with growing follicle (≥12 mm) count and oocytes retrieved, but negatively correlated with FSH requirement. Both final follicular maturation and luteinization interfere with granulosa cell AMH production. The relationship between intrafollicular AMH content, the surrounding follicular status, and ovarian response to COH indicates that peripheral AMH levels reflect not only follicle count but also per-follicle AMH production.