Conversion From Cyclosporine Microemulsion to Tacrolimus-Based Immunoprophylaxis Improves Cholesterol Profile in Heart Transplant Recipients With Treated but Persistent Dyslipidemia: The Canadian Multicentre Randomized Trial of Tacrolimus vs Cyclosporine Microemulsion

Tacrolimus improves lipid profile in renal and liver transplant recipients. The impact of conversion from cyclosporine microemulsion (Neoral) to tacrolimus (Prograf) in a large randomized study of stable heart transplant recipients with treated but persistent mild dyslipidemia is reported. One hundred twenty-nine long-term (≥12 months) cyclosporine microemulsion-treated heart transplant recipients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >2.5 mmol/liter and/or a total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio >4 were recruited for the study. Complete lipid profile was assessed before (baseline) and after 6 months of treatment with either cyclosporine microemulsion maintenance ( n = 64) or tacrolimus conversion ( n = 65). At 6 months, tacrolimus-converted patients exhibited a greater decrease in total cholesterol (from 5.51 ± 0.16 to 4.88 ± 1.22 mmol/liter [tacrolimus], vs 5.61 ± 1.36 to 5.38 ± 0.87 mmol/liter [cyclosporine]; p = 0.0078). This decrease in cholesterol was caused largely by a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.41 ± 0.54 [tacrolimus] vs −0.13 ± 0.55 [cyclosporine]; p = 0.0018). There were no changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but apolipoprotein B therapy was reduced in tacrolimus-converted vs cyclosporine-maintained patients ( p = 0.0003). By 6 months, 23.7% of tacrolimus- vs 6.7% of cyclosporine-treated patients met the target lipid levels for high-risk patients ( p = 0.0094). Conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus resulted in decreases in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid without any changes in glucose, HbA 1C, and insulin levels. Conversion from cyclosporine microemulsion- to tacrolimus-based immunoprophylaxis resulted in decreased cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, urea, creatinine, and uric acid without any clinically evident perturbation of glucose metabolism in stable heart transplant recipients with treated but persistent mild dyslipidemia.