(Auto)immunological aspects of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Today, the autoimmunogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is unquestioned. Evidence for this includes the detection of specific antibodies, an association with other autoimmune diseases, and the possibilities of immunological interventions. The actual trigger that leads to the loss of immunotolerance has not so far been identified. It is probable that a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors underlies the manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Thanks to the potential of modern immunodiagnosis, the diagnosis can be confirmed and the diabetes risk determined. Despite the fact that several experimental, but also clinical, studies have provided highly promising results, immunological intervention should be reserved strictly for high-risk patients within the framework of scientific studies.