Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor producing urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis

We report a case of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) producing urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a 39‐year old man. The patient was admitted to Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan, complaining of macrohematuria and a 6‐month history of left abdominal swelling. Abdominal computed tomography showed a large mass in the left kidney and para‐aortic lymph node enlargement. A remarkable degree of leukocytosis was detected without any acute infectious disease. Enzyme immunoassay of the serum demonstrated a remarkable high concentration of G‐CSF. The patient underwent left nephroureterectomy and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy. Histochemical examination revealed urothelial carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti‐G‐CSF antibody demonstrated G‐CSF secreting cells. The patient died 8 weeks after the surgical operation. To our knowledge, this is the second case of G‐CSF producing urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis reported in the English literature.