Procyanidin Fractions from Pine (Pinus pinaster) Bark:  Radical Scavenging Power in Solution, Antioxidant Activity in Emulsion, and Antiproliferative Effect in Melanoma Cells

Pine (Pinus pinaster) bark is a rich source of procyanidin oligomers. From a total polyphenolic extract, we have generated fractions of different procyanidin composition. The mixtures, devoid of gallate esters, were active as free radical scavengers against ABTS•+, DPPH, and HNTTM. Pine bark fractions were tested for antioxidant activity in solution (hydrogen donation and electron transfer) and emulsion (inhibition of lipid peroxidation) and compared with their galloylated counterparts from grape origin. While galloylation clearly influenced the free radical scavenging efficiency in solution, it did not seem to play a determinant role in protection against lipid peroxidation in emulsion. The fractions were very mild inhibitors of cell proliferation. Because gallate esters appear to interfere with crucial cell functions, gallate free pine procyanidins may be the innocuous chemopreventative agents of choice for many applications in food and skin protection. Keywords: Pinus pinaster; polyphenols; procyanidins; catechins; antioxidants; free radical scavenging activity; emulsions; cell proliferation