Common failure reasons and improvement ways in treatment of gallstones by choledochoscope in operation

To analyze common problems, failing causes and improvement ways for curing gallstones by choledochoscope in operation. To analyze a case group of 762 individual patients who had undergone choledochoscope operations in the period of Jan, 1995 approximately Sep, 2005. 136 cases are found with residual stones in the bile duct after the operations. Residual stone rate amounts to 17.8%. 55 patients are known that bile duct stones could not be remove completely during operations. 81 patients are proved that stones still remain in their bile ducts by T-tube cholangiography and choledochoscope after operations. Among them, 29 patients complicate with narrow in intrahepatic bile ducts and debouch of bile ducts, 39 patients complicate with stones of intrahepatic bile and variation of bile duct, 13 patients complicate with stones and narrow at the inferior segment of choledochus. It is important to pay attention for bile duct variation and debouch of affection bile duct or inferior segment of choledochus stenosis. B-ult